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Sara and Patricia sit at a table

Sara was invited to be the external reviewer (opponent) in the PhD defence of Patricia Ciobanu, in the Department of Computer and Systems Sciences at Stockholm University.


The experience was very interesting and different to the UK system, with a 4-person committee, chair, and external reviewer involved in the defence. The role of the external reviewer is to present a summary of the thesis for 30 minutes, then lead a discussion with questions. The PhD is already a printed book at that stage, so this is mainly a ceremonial defence. Patricia’s thesis was titled “Designing to Care for Nature”.


Sara also gave a seminar at the department the following day. 



PhD defence in Sweden

Sara Heitlinger was the external reviewer for a Swedish PhD defence

Sara Heitlinger

25 February 2026

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